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about - Special Class Railway Apprentice (SCRA)

The scheme has continued to draw the country’s best talent after independence and has provided Indian Railways with its top-ranking officers in all walks. Many of the Institute’s alumni have won international accolade for having achieved excellence in their chosen careers, which include inventors, academicians, entrepreneurs, and high-ranking officers in other nations.

The examination comprises written test in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, English Language, General Knowledge, and Psychological Test (Mental Ability). The selected candidates are called for an interview, which is followed by a medical examination. The standard of syllabus is that of Class XII (CBSE equivalent).

The notice for the SCRA entrance examination, along with form and syllabus, is brought out by the UPSC around the months of June–July. According to the new rules issued by the Ministry of Railways, the exam is now conducted once in every two years.

The selected candidates undergo a four-year rigorous training programme in Mechanical Engineering, for which the Institute has a Memorandum of Understanding with BIT, Mesra, Ranchi. The semester system of BIT, Mesra is followed, with workshop training sessions during the holidays at BIT, Mesra.

Training

The selected candidates undergo a four-year rigorous training programme in Mechanical Engineering, Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur.

IRIMEE has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi for the training.

Degree Awarded

SCRAs get a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering after successful completion of four years of training. This degree is recognised by the All India Council for Technical Education.

Career

After the completion of their training, they are absorbed into the highest level leadership program in the Railway organization (also called Group A Officers). This cadre of officers are attached to the IRSME.

On completion of the probation in SCRA, one is posted as an officer in the junior scale. Promotion to the senior scale takes place after about two years of service in working post. After six to seven years of service, the officer is promoted to the Junior Administrative Grade, which has two levels. One can be serving in various assignments at the Junior Administrative Grade for 8–10 years. This is followed by the Selection Grade.

The next in seniority is the Senior Administrative Grade, equivalent to the Joint Secretary, Government of India which is obtained after 16–18 years of service. Officers of this grade may be posted as heads of various workshops in the field, as heads of a department functioning at the Headquarters office, as Addition Divisional Railway Manager or as the Executive Director in the Railway Board. After six to eight years, while remaining in the same pay scale officers are selected to be appointed as Divisional Railway Managers (DRM)

Stipend and other Benefits

• Not only that SCRA Apprentices are trained at Railways expense, they are paid stipend at the following rates along with DA applicable:

• Special Class Apprentice moving from one headquarter to another in connection with their training will be eligible for daily allowance for the period covered by the journey.
• During their stay at the Railway Staff College, Baroda, Special Class Apprentices will be granted daily allowance at full rates for the entire period of their training at the college.
• Leave: Special Class Railway Apprentices may be granted leave on full stipend for a period not exceeding one month in any year of apprenticeship.
• Medical facilities : Special Class Apprentices shall be entitled to free medical attendance and treatment at railway hospitals and dispensaries on the same scale as applicable to railway servants
• Travelling facilities: 2 sets of Pass and 6 sets of Privilege Ticket Orders(PTO) are admissible per year valid from anywhere to anywhere on Indian Railways

Scheme of exam

  

SCRA  SYLLABUS

Paer-I – General Ability Test

I) English

The questions will be designed to test the candidates’ understanding and command Of the language.

(ii) General Knowledge

The questions will be designed to test a candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him/her and its application to society. The standard of answers to question should be as expected of students of standard 12 or equivalent. Man and is environment Evolution   of life, plants and animals, heredity and environment-Genetics, cells, chromosomes, genesis Knowledge of the human body-nutrition, balanced diet, substitute foods, public health and sanitation including control of epidemics and common diseases. Environmental pollution and its control. Food adulteration, proper storage and preservation of food grains and finished products, population explosion, population control. Production of food and raw materials. Breeding of animals and plants, artificial insemination, manures and fertilizers, crop protection measures, high yielding varieties and green revolution, main cereal and cash crops of India. Solar system and the earth. Seasons, Climate, Weather, Soil—its ormation, erosion. Forests and their uses. Natural calamities cyclones, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Mountains and rivers and their role in irrigation in India. Distribution of natural resources and industries in India. Exploration of under—ground minerals including Oil conservation of natural resources with particular reference to the flora and fauna of India. History, Politics and Society in India— Vedic, Mahavir, Buddha,  auryan, Sunga, Andhra, Kushan. Gupta ages (Mauryan Pillars, Stupa Caves, Sanchi, Mathura and Gandharva Schools, Temple architecture, Ajanta and Ellora) the rise of new social forces with the coming of Islam and establishment of broader contacts Transition from feudalism to capitalism. Opening of European contacts. Establishment of British rule in India. Rise of nationalism and national struggle for freedom culminating in Independence. Constitution of India and its characteristic features—Democracy, secularism, Socialism, equality of opportunity and Parliamentary form of Government. Major political ideologies—democracy, socialism, communism and Gandhi an idea of non-violence. Indian political parties, pressure groups, public opinion and the press, electoral system. India’s foreign policy and non-alignment- Arms race, balance of power. World organization — political, social, economic and cultural. Important events including sports and cultural activities) in India and abroad during the past two years. Broad features of Indian social system — the caste system, hierarchy — recent changes and trends. Minority social institution — marriage, family, religion and acculturation  Division of labour, co-operation, conflict and competition, Social control — reward and punishment, art, law, customs, propaganda, public opinion, agencies of social control — family, religion, State educational institutions; factors of social change — economic, technological, demographic, cultural; the concept of revolution. Social disorganisation in India — Casteism, communalism, corruption in public life, youth unrest, beggary, drugs, delinquency and crime, poverty and unemployment. Social planning and welfare in India, community development and labour welfare; welfare of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes. Money — Taxation, price, demographic trends, national income, economic growth. Private and Public Sectors; economic and non-economic factors in planning, balanced versus imbalanced growth, agricultural versus industrial development; inflation and price stabilization, problem of resource mobilisation. India’s Five Year Plans.

 (iii) Psychological Test

The questions will be designed to assess the basic intelligence and mechanical aptitude of the candidate.

Paper-II – Physical Sciences

 i)Physics

Length measurements using vernier, screw gauge, speedometer and optical lever measurement of time and mass. Straight line motion and relationships among   placements, velocity and acceleration. Newton’s Laws of Motion, Momentum, impulse, work, energy and power. Coefficient of friction. Equilibrium of bodies under action of Forces. Moment of a force, couple. Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Escape velocity Acceleration due to gravity. Mass and Weight; Centre of gravity, Uniform circular motion, centripetal force, simple Harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Pressure in a fluid and its variation with depth. Pascal’s Law. Principle of Archimedes. Floating bodies, atmospheric pressure and its measurement. Temperature and its measurement. Thermal expansion, Gas laws and absolute temperature. Specific heat, latent heats and their measurement. Specific heat of gases. Mechanical equivalent of heat. Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics, Isothermal and adiabatic changes. Transmission of heat; thermal conductivity. Wave motion; Longitudinal and transverse waves. Progressive and stationary waves, Velocity of sound in gas and its dependence on various factors. Resonance phenomena (air columns and strings). Reflection and refraction of light.  Mage formation by curved mirrors and lenses, Microscopes and telescopes. Defects of vision. Prisms, deviation and dispersion, Minimum deviation. Visible spectrum. Field due to a bar magnet, Magnetic moment, Elements of Earth’s magnetic field. Magnetometers. Dia, para and ferromagnetism. Electric charge, electric field and potential, Coulomb’s Law. Electric current; electric cells, e.m.f. resistance, ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm’s law; resistances in series and parallel, specific resistance and conductivity. Heating effect of current. Wheatstone’s bridge, Potentiometer. Magnetic effect of current; straight wire, coil and solenoid electromagnet; electric bell. Force on a current-carrying conductor in magnetic field; moving coil galvanometers; conversion to ammeter orvoltmeter.Chemical effects of current; Primary and storage cells and their functioning, Laws of electrolysis. Electromagnetic induction; Simple A.C. and D.C. generators. Transformers, Induction Coil, Cathode rays, discovery of the electron, Bohr model of the atom. Diode and its use as a rectifier. Production, properties and uses of Grays. Radioactivity; Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays.  Nuclear energy; fission and fusion, conversion of mass into energy, chain reaction.

(ii) Chemistry

Physical Chemistry

1. Atomic structure; earlier models in brief. Atom as at three dimensional models. Orbital concept. Quantum numbers and their significance, only elementary treatment. Paula’s Exclusion Principle. Electronic configuration. Aufbau Principle, s.p.d. and f. block elements. Periodic classification only long form. Periodicity and electronic configuration.

Atomic radii, Electro-negativity in period and groups.

2. Chemical Bonding, electro-valent, covalent, coordinates covalent bonds. Bond properties, sigma and Pie bonds, Shapes of simple molecules like water, hydrogen sulphide, methane and ammonium chloride. Molecular association and hydrogen bonding.

3. Energy changes in a chemical reaction Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Application of First Law of Thermodynamics, Hess’s Law of constant heat summation.

4. Chemical Equilibriums and rates of reactions. Law of Mass action. Effect of Pressure, Temperature and concentration on the rates of reaction. (Qualitative treatment based on Le Chatelier’s Principle). Molecularity; First and Second order reaction. Concept of Energy of activation. Application to manufacture of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide.

5. Solutions: True solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions. Colligative properties of dilute solutions and determination of Molecular weights of issolvedsubstances.Elevation of boiling points. Depressions of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Raoult’s Law (no thermodynamic treatment only).

6. Electro-Chemistry: Solution of Electrolytes, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, ionic equilibrium, Solubility product Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and Bases (Lewis and Bronstead concept). PH and Buffer solutions.

7. Oxidation — Reduction; Modern, electronics concept and oxidation number.

8. Natural and Artificial Radioactivity: Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Uses of Radioactive

Isotopes. Inorganic Chemistry Brief Treatment of Elements and their industrially important compounds:

1. Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table. Isotopes of hydrogen. Electronegative and electropositive character. Water, hard and soft water, use of water in industries, Heavy water and its uses.

2. Group I Elements: Manufacture of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.

3. Group II Elements: Quick and slaked lime. Gypsum, Plaster of Paris. Magnesium sulphate and Magnesia.

4. Group III Elements: Borax, Alumina and Alum.

5. Group IV Elements: Coals, Coke and solid Fuels, Silicates, Zolitis semi-conductors.

Glass (Elementary treatment).

6. Group V Elements. Manufacture of ammonia and nitric acid. Rock Phosphates and safety matches.

7. Group VI Elements. Hydrogen peroxide, allotropy of sulphur, sculptures acid. Oxides of sulphur.

8. Group VII Elements. Manufacture and uses of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine, Hydrochloric acid. Bleaching powder.

9. Group O. (Noble gases) Helium and its uses. 10. Metallurgical Processes: General Methods of extraction of metals with specific reference to copper, iron, aluminums,

Silver, gold, zinc and lead. Common alloys of these metals; Nickel and manganese steels.

Organic Chemistry

1. Tetrahedral nature of carbon, Hybridization and sigma pie bonds and their relative strength. Single and multiple bonds. Shapes of molecules. Geometrical and optical  somerism.

2. General methods of preparation, properties and reaction of alkenes, alkenes and alkynes, Petroleum and its refining. Its uses as fuel. Aromatic hydrocarbons: Resonance and aromaticity. Benzene and Naphthalene and their analogues. Aromatic substitution reactions.

3. Halogen derivatives: Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, D.D.T. and Gammexane.

4. Hydroxyl Compounds: Preparation, properties and uses of Primary, Secondary and tertiary alcohols, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol and Phenol, Substitution reaction at aliphatic carbon atom.

5. Ethers; Diethyl ether.

6. Aldehydes and ketenes: Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, acetone,  cetophenone.

7. Nitro compounds amines: Nitrobenzene TNT, Aniline, Diazonium Compounds, Azodyes.

8. Carboxylic acid: Formic, acetic, benzoic and salicylic acids, acetyl salicylic acid.

9. Esters: Ethyl cerate, Methyl calculates ethyl benzoate.

10. Polymers: Polythene, Teflon, Perplex, Artificial Rubber, Nylon and Polyester fibers.

11. Nonstructural treatment of Carbohydrates, Fats and Lipids, amino acids and proteins – Vitamins and hormones.

Paper-III – Mathematics

1. Algebra:

Concept of a set, Union and Intersection of sets, Complement of a set, Null set, Universal set and Power set, Venn diagrams and simple applications. Cartesian product of two sets, relation and mapping — examples, Binary operation on a set — examples. Representation of real numbers on a line Complex numbers: Modulus, Argument, Algebraic operations on complex numbers Cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers, Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number and vice versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions. Summation of series involving A.P., G.P., and H.P… Quadratic equations with real co-efficients Quadratic expressions: extreme values. Permutation and combination, Binomial theorem and its applications. Matrices and Determinants: Types of matrices, equality, matrix addition and scalar multiplication – properties. Matrix multiplication — non-commutative and distributive property over addition. Transpose of a matrix, Determinant of a matrix. Minors and Co-factors. Properties of determinants. Singular and non-singular matrices. Adjoin and Inverse of a square-matrix, Solution of a system of linear equations in two and three variables- elimination method, Cramers rule and Matrix inversion method (Matrices with m rows and n columns where m, n < to 3 are to be considered). Idea of a Group, Order of a Group, Abelian group. Identitiy and inverse elements- Illustration by simple examples.

2. Trigonometry:

Addition and subtraction formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Product and factoring formulae. Inverse trigonometric functions — Domains, Ranges and Graphs. DeMoivre’s theorem, expansion of Sin n0 and Cos n0 in a series of multiples of Sines and Cosines. Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Applications: Heights and Distance.

3. Analytic Geometry (two dimensions): Rectangular Cartesian. Coordinate system, distance between two points, equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, and distance of a point from a line. Transformation of axes. Pair of straight lines, general equation of second degree in x and y — condition to represent a pair of straight lines, point of intersection, angle between two lines. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form, equations of tangent and normal at a point, orthogonally of two circles. Standard equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola — parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal at a point in both Cartesian and parametric forms.

4. Differential Calculus: Concept of a real valued function — domain, range and graph. Composite functions one to one, onto and inverse functions, algebra of real functions examples of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits – examples. Continuity of functions – examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative – applications. Derivative of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function, chain rule. Second order derivatives. Role’s theorem (statement only), increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima, minima, greatest and least values of a function.

5. Integral Calculus and Differential equations: Integral Calculus: Integration as inverse of differential, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expression, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integralsdetermination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves – applications. Differential equations : Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equation of various types – examples. Solution of second order homogeneous differential equation with constant co-efficient.

6. Vectors and its applications: Magnitude and direction of a vector, equal vectors, unit vector, zero vector, vectors in two and three dimensions, position vector. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar, sum and difference of two vectors, Parallelogram law and triangle law of  addition. Multiplication of vectors — scalar product or dot product of two vectors, perpendicularity, commutative and distributive properties. Vector product or cross product of two vectors. Scalar and vector triple products. Equations of a line, plane and sphere in vector form – simple problems. Area of a triangle, parallelogram and problems of plane geometry and trigonometry using vector methods. Work done by a force and moment of a force.

7. Statistics and probability: Statistics: Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution – examples. Graphical representation – Histogram, frequency polygon – examples. Measure of central tendency – mean, median and mode. Variance and standard deviation – determination and comparison. Correlation and regression. Probability: Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability: classical and statistical – examples. Elementary theorems on probability – simple problems conditionals probability, Bayes’ theorem – simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution. Personality Test Each candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his career both academic and extramural. They will be asked questions on matters of general interest. Special attention will be paid to assessing their potential qualities of leadership, initiative and intellectual curiosity, tact and other social qualities, mental and physical energy, power of practical application and integrity of character.